Class I

1. Evaluation of acute, persistent, life threatening hemodynamic disturbances in which ventricular function and its determinants are uncertain and have not responded to treatment.
2. Surgical repair of Valvular lesions, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and aortic dissection with possible aortic valve involvement.
3. Evaluation of complex valve replacement requiring homografts or coronary reimplantation such as the Ross procedure.
4. Surgical repair of most congenital heart lesions that require CPB
5. Surgical intervention for endocarditis when preoperative testing was inadequate or perivalvular involvement is suspected.
6. Placement of intracardiac devices and monitoring of their position during port-access and other cardiac surgical interventions.
7. Evaluation of pericardial window procedures in patients with loculated or pisterior effusions.