Notes:

• Recommended reading material: Preoperative cardiac evaluation must be tailored to the circumstances and the nature of the intended surgical procedure
• As a rule of thumb, the indications for further evaluation/treatment are the same as in the nonoperative setting
• Preoperative testing should only be used when results will affect patient management and outcome
• Teamwork and close communication among various parties involved in the care of patients is an essential requirement for successful perioperative evaluation and management